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Genetics --- Genomics --- Genetics. --- Genomics. --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Molecular genetics --- Comparative Genomics --- Comparative Genomic --- Genomic, Comparative --- Genomics, Comparative --- Human Genome Project --- Genome --- Genetic Structures --- Genetic Phenomena --- Research

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Spermatogenesis requires radical restructuring of germline chromatin at multiple stages, involving coordinated waves of DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modification, and the replacement and removal that occurs before, during, and after meiosis. This Special Issue will draw together papers that address all aspects of chromatin organization and dynamics in the male germ line, in humans, and in model organisms. In particular, we will invite authors to discuss novel methods for studying germline chromatin structure, the interplay between chromatin structure and susceptibility to DNA damage and mutation, chromatin modifications associated with epigenetic inheritance in the early embryo, and the impact this work has for understanding natural fertility and improving assisted reproduction techniques.

mouse sperm chromatin --- chromosome organization --- nuclear-3D-parameters --- spermiogenesis --- chromatin remodeling --- DNA double-strand breaks --- genetic instability --- mutations --- sperm DNA damage --- DNA fragmentation --- infertility --- assisted reproduction --- miscarriage --- implantation --- nuclear organization --- sperm --- morphometrics --- chromosome painting --- nucleoli --- NOR --- chromosome associations --- meiotic prophase --- spermatocytes --- Mus m. domesticus --- Robertsonian chromosomes --- chromosome translocation --- Y chromosome --- testis --- spermatogenesis --- SLY --- mouse --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species --- chromatin --- DNA oxidation --- male infertility --- spermatozoa --- chromosomes --- chromosome territories --- centromeres --- male germ cells --- telomeres --- reproductive aging --- nuclear organisation --- epigenetic inheritance --- histone retention --- in vitro fertilisation

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The genotype/phenotype dichotomy is being slowly replaced by a more complex relationship whereby the majority of phenotypes arise from interactions between one’s genotype and the environment in which one lives. Interestingly, it seems that not only our lives, but also our ancestors’ lives, determine how we look. This newly recognized form of inheritance is known as (epi)genetic, as it involves an additional layer of information on top of the one encoded by the genes. Its discovery has constituted one of the biggest paradigm shifts in biology in recent years. Understanding epigenetic factors may help explain the pathogenesis of several complex human diseases (such as diabetes, obesity and cancer) and provide alternative paths for disease prevention, management and therapy. This book introduces the reader to the importance of the environment for our own health and the health of our descendants, sheds light on the current knowledge on epigenetic inheritance and opens a window to future developments in the field.

Human genetics. --- Genetics. --- Genetic engineering. --- Human Genetics. --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology

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This textbook aims to describe the fascinating area of eukaryotic gene regulation for graduate students in all areas of the biomedical sciences. Gene expression is essential in shaping the various phenotypes of cells and tissues and as such, regulation of gene expression is a fundamental aspect of nearly all processes in physiology, both in healthy and in diseased states. Th is pivotal role for the regulation of gene expression makes this textbook essential reading for students of all the biomedical sciences, in order to be better prepared for their specialized disciplines. A complete understanding of transcription factors and the processes that alter their activity is a major goal of modern life science research. The availability of the whole human genome sequence (and that of other eukaryotic genomes) and the consequent development of next-generation sequencing technologies have significantly changed nearly all areas of the biological sciences. For example, the genome-wide location of histone modifications and transcription factor binding sites, such as provided by the ENCODE consortium, has greatly improved our understanding of gene regulation. Therefore, the focus of this book is the description of the post-genome understanding of gene regulation.

Medicine. --- Biochemistry. --- Genetics. --- Biomedicine, general. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Health Workforce --- Composition --- Gene expression. --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Expression --- Medicine --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research

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This volume presents a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in symbiosis research. It covers molecular, organellar, cellular, immunologic, genetic and evolutionary aspects of symbiotic interactions in humans and other model systems. The book also highlights new approaches to interdisciplinary research and therapeutic applications. Symbiosis refers to any mutually beneficial interaction between different organisms. The symbiotic origin of cellular organelles and the exchange of genetic material between hosts and their bacterial and viral symbionts have helped shaped the current diversity of life. Recently, symbiosis has gained a new level of recognition, due to the realization that all organisms function as a holobiome and that any kind of interference with the hosts influences their symbionts and vice versa, and can have profound consequences for the survival of both. For example, in humans, the microbiome, i.e., the entirety of all the microorganisms living in association with the intestines, oral cavity, urogenital system and skin, is partially inherited during pregnancy and influences the maturation and functioning of the human immune system, protects against pathogens and regulates metabolism. Symbionts also regulate cancer development, wound healing, tissue regeneration and stem cell function. The medical applications of this new realization are vast and largely uncharted. The composition and robustness of human symbionts could make them a valuable diagnostic tool for predicting impending diseases, and the manipulation of symbionts could yield new strategies for the treatment of incurable diseases.

Evolutionary biology. --- Microbiology. --- Virology. --- Genetics. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Microbiology --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny